Maldistribution in air–water heat pump evaporators. Part 1: Effects on evaporator,heat pump and system level

This paper presents an approach to quantify the effect of evaporator maldistribution on operating costs of air–water heat pumps. In the proposed simulation model maldistribution is induced by two parameters describing refrigerant phase and air flow distribution. Annual operating costs are calculated based on heat pump performance at distinct operating conditions. Results show that percentage increase of operating costs is similar for the three considered climate zones, even though the effect of maldistribution on heat pump performance varies with operating conditions. Differences in terms of absolute cost increase for the climate zones arise mainly due to a varying number of operating hours. Absolute cost increase is considerable in the average and especially colder climate zone and can only partly be reduced by enlarging the evaporator.     

基于GIS技术的工程地质环境系统构建及治理分析

针对传统的工程地质环境系统存在的收集图像与原始图像同向性较低的问题,以下开展了基于GIS技术的工程地质环境系统的构建研究。采用设计对比实验的方式验证该系统在实际应用过程中,可提升收集图像与原始图像的同向程度。     

Variation in the effect of system usage and individual impact: A meta-regression of empirical findings

The relationship between system usage and individual impact has received considerable attention in prior studies. However, the results for the relationship have been mixed. This study hypothesizes that the variation in the effect of system usage on individual impact may be attributed to characteristics of the research contexts. This research examines the effects of voluntariness of use, number of organizations, number of respondents, type of respondents, and information system type, while controlling for geographic region and industry sector using meta-regression methods to examine the findings from 74 studies published between 1992 and 2018. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

不同结构石墨烯发声器的热声效率

为了研究不同石墨烯发声器结构对热声效率的影响,建立了石墨烯发声器的声压解析模型,对单层石墨烯发声器、多层石墨烯发声器以及镍铬基的泡沫石墨烯发声器的发声效率进行了理论与实验研究。首先,介绍了石墨烯发声器的工作原理,建立了石墨烯发声器的周期性温度变化模型和声压解析模型。然后,实验研究了单层石墨烯发声器、多层石墨烯发声器以及镍铬基的泡沫石墨烯发声器的热声效率。实验结果表明在14~25 kHz内,施加6 V交流电,测距为6 cm的条件下,单层、多层和泡沫石墨烯发声器的最高SPL分别为35.19,20.36和33.42 dB,SPL理论值最高约为37.45 dB。具有较低电阻,较低比热容,较高导热率的石墨烯发声器可以获得较高的热声效率和声压。     

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference system analysis on sorption studies of strontium and cesium cations onto a novel impregnated nano-zeolite

In this research, a novel impregnated nano-zeolite (NAASMS-Z) was synthesized and characterized using different characterization techniques. Excellent properties, such as high specific surface area (~502.77 m²/g), low pore size (~8.92 Å) and the existence of numerous functional groups caused the efficient elimination of Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ cations from aquatic systems. The sorption performance of the nano-particles was enhanced by impregnation up to 60% in the aquatic media. The kinetic study indicated that the elimination process of both the concerned cations is controlled by external film mass transfer through the boundary within the first 30 min then controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The sorption equilibrium data suggested that the sorption process occurs on the heterogeneous sorbent surface. Parameters affecting the elimination of Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ from a single metal sorption system, such as pH, initial contaminant concentration (C_i) and contact time (t), were investigated and optimized. A predictive model based on an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) analysis was applied to evaluate the experimental parameters affecting the elimination of Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ cations from aquatic system. A Mamdani-type FIS was employed to justify a collection of 16 rules (If-Then format) by means of centroid membership functions. The suggested fuzzy model revealed high predictive concert with high correlation coefficient (R²) and satisfactory deviation from the experimental data, affirming its appropriateness to predict Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ elimination efficacy from the studied system. Rooted in experimental data and statistical analysis, the synthetized material was effective for treating contaminated aquatic solutions containing Sr²⁺ and Cs⁺ cations.     

Human–machine shared control for lane departure assistance based on hybrid system theory

To improve the human–machine cooperation of lane departure assistance system (LDAS), a human–machine shared control strategy based on hybrid system theory was proposed. By considering vehicle’s discrete and continuous states and time-varying longitudinal speed, the hybrid system was formalized as hybrid automaton, and the shared control strategy was built to govern the human–machine interaction. Robust gain-scheduling energy-to-peak method was adopted to design the assistance system controller. The D-stability of the system was also studied and guaranteed by solving the linear matrix inequality (LMI). The proposed human–machine shared control method was evaluated via the co-simulation of CarSim/Simulink and the hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiment. The results showed that the proposed approach can effectively keep the vehicle in lane and a good human–machine coordination was demonstrated.     

基于XML的信息物理融合系统组件建模与仿真

信息物理融合系统（CPS）涉及多种计算模型的集成和协同工作，针对CPS设计方法不统一、重塑性差、复杂度高、难以协同建模验证等问题，提出一种结构化、可描述行为的异元组件模型。首先，用统一组件建模方法进行建模，解决模型不开放问题；然后，用可扩展标记语言（XML）规范描述各类组件，解决不同计算模型描述语言不一致和不可扩展问题；最后，用多级开放组件模型的协同仿真验证方式进行仿真验证，解决验证的不可协同问题。通过通用组件建模方法、XML组件规范描述语言以及验证工具平台XModel对医用恒温箱进行了建模、描述和仿真。医用恒温箱的案例表明，这种模型驱动建立可重塑异元组件并确认其设计正确性的过程，支持信息物理协同设计和边构建边纠正，可避免在系统实现过程中发现问题时再进行反复修改。     

System identification with measurement noise compensation based on polynomial modulating function for fractional-order systems with a known time-delay

This study presents a system identification method based on polynomial modulating function for fractional-order systems with a known time-delay involving input and output noises in the time domain. Based on the polynomial modulating function and fractional-order integration by parts, the identified fractional-order differential equation is transformed into an algebraic equation. By using the numerical integral formula, the least squares form for the system identification is obtained. In order to reduce the effect of noises existing in the input and output measurements, the compensation method for the input and output noises is also studied by introducing an auxiliary high-order fractional-order system in the revised identification algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation result of an illustrative example and the experimental result of temperature identification for a thermal system.     

Influence of secondary source technologies and energy management strategies on Energy Storage System sizing for fuel cell electric vehicles

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have some limitation which make them less competitor to thermal ones and delay their commercialization. The most important problems as the range, the durability and the cost depend directly on the energy storage problematic issues. In this context, this work presents an optimal sizing methodology for an Energy Storage System (ESS) composed by a fuel cell and an assistant source to supply a lightweight vehicle with 700 km driving range. Firstly, a comparative study between single and hybrid source is carried out to show the benefits of hybridization according to the range in terms of weight, cost and fuel consumption. Moreover, in order to improve the hybrid source characteristics, three technologies of the secondary source are tested and evaluated to be chosen for hybridization with fuel cell system purposes. Furthermore, the influence of three Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) on ESS sizing is studied where an optimal strategy provides the most favorable dimensions of the hybrid system. Simulation results give us the best technology needed for hybridization and allow us adopting the optimal management strategy to design the hybrid source. Finally, in order to show the influence of the driving cycles on the ESS design, a comparison study using the New European Driving Cycle “NEDC” and the Assessment and Reliability of Transport Emission Models Inventory Systems (ARTEMIS) confirms that there is a slow influence of the driving cycle on the ESS sizes.     

Facilitation of consumer loyalty toward branded applications: The dual-route perspective

Although many brands develop mobile applications (apps) to build relationships with consumers, most branded apps fail to retain consumers’ loyalty. This study examines the facilitation of consumer loyalty toward branded apps (continuance intention, in-app purchase intention, and word-of-mouth intention) from the dual-route perspective. One route is the affective (relationship) route, where brand benefits (functional benefits, experiential benefits, symbolic benefits, and monetary benefits) drive parasocial interactions between consumers and the brand, which, in turn, influences branded app loyalty. The other route is the utility route, where system characteristics (system quality and information quality) affect perceived usefulness, which, in turn, facilitates branded app loyalty. An online survey was conducted, and the research model was empirically tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings support the dual-route perspective according to which both affective and utilitarian paths facilitate branded app loyalty. The key theoretical contribution of this study is that it moves beyond the utilitarian path and finds the affective (relationship) path to give a more complete picture of the facilitation of consumer loyalty in the branded app context. A strategy is provided to suggest to practitioners how to design branded apps to facilitate consumer loyalty.